First Name: Hugh Initials: H Surname: Lewis Nationality: British Date of Death: 21/08/1915 Rank: Private Service Number: 3651 Campaign Medals: 1914/15 Star Hugh Lewis was awarded the 1914-15 star campaign medal of the British Empire for his service in World War One. This Star is identical to the 1914 Star in every respect except that the centre scroll bears the dates “1914- 15” and the two small scrolls bearing “Aug” and “Nov” are omitted. As Hugh Lewis was a recipient of this medal he also received the British War Medal and Victory Medal, as it was not awarded singularly. These three medals were sometimes irreverently referred to as Pip, Squeak and Wilfred. With Pip representing either this medal or the 1914 Star, only one of which could be awarded to a soldier, Squeak represented the British War Medal and Wilfred represented the Victory Medal. Victory Medal Like many service personnel of World War One, Hugh Lewis was entitled to the Victory medal, also called the Inter Allied Victory Medal. This medal was awarded to all who received the 1914 Star or 1914-15 Star and, with certain exceptions, to those who received the British War Medal. It was never awarded alone. These three medals were sometimes irreverently referred to as Pip, Squeak and Wilfred. Eligibility for this award consisted of having been mobilised, fighting, having served in any of the theatres of operations, or at sea, between midnight 4th/5th August, 1914, and midnight, 11th/12th November, 1918. Women who served in any of the various military organisations in a theatre of operations were also eligible. British War Medal As with many Armed Forces personnel, Hugh Lewis was entitled to the British War Medal for service in World War One. This British Empire campaign medal was issued for services between 5th August 1914 and 11th November 1918. The medal was automatically awarded in the event of death on active service before the completion of this period. Service: British Army Regiment: Lancashire Fusiliers Lancashire Fusiliers during World War 1 Since 1815 the balance of power in Europe had been maintained by a series of treaties. In 1888 Wilhelm II was crowned ‘German Emperor and King of Prussia’ and moved from a policy of maintaining the status quo to a more aggressive position. He did not renew a treaty with Russia, aligned Germany with the declining Austro-Hungarian Empire and started to build a Navy rivalling that of Britain. These actions greatly concerned Germany’s neighbours, who quickly forged new treaties and alliances in the event of war. On 28th June 1914 Franz Ferdinand the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated by the Bosnian-Serb nationalist group Young Bosnia who wanted pan-Serbian independence. Franz Joseph's the Austro-Hungarian Emperor (with the backing of Germany) responded aggressively, presenting Serbia with an intentionally unacceptable ultimatum, to provoke Serbia into war. Serbia agreed to 8 of the 10 terms and on the 28th July 1914 the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia, producing a cascade effect across Europe. Russia bound by treaty to Serbia declared war with Austro-Hungary, Germany declared war with Russia and France declared war with Germany. Germany’s army crossed into neutral Belgium in order to reach Paris, forcing Britain to declare war with Germany (due to the Treaty of London (1839) whereby Britain agreed to defend Belgium in the event of invasion). By the 4th August 1914 Britain and much of Europe were pulled into a war which would last 1,566 days, cost 8,528,831 lives and 28,938,073 casualties or missing on both sides. The Regiment raised 30 Battalions and was awarded 63 Battle Honours and 6 Victoria Crosses losing 13,640 men during the course of the war. From 1915 to October 1916 the famous author J. R. R. Tolkien served as a second leutenant in the 11th Battalion of the Regiment until he contracted ‘trench fever’ during the Battle of the Somme. 1st Battalion 04.08.1914 Stationed at Karachi, India then moved to Aden, Yemen. Dec 1914 Embarked for England arriving at Avonmouth in 02.01.1915 and moved to Nuneaton to join the 86th Brigade of the 29th Division. 16.03.1915 Embarked for Gallipoli via Alexandria and Mudros. 25.04.1915 Landed at Gallipoli and the Division engaged in actions at the Battles for Krithia and the Achi Baba heights on the Gallipoli Peninsula. 02.01.1916 Evacuated to Egypt due to the severe casualties from combat, disease and harsh weather. Mar 1916 Embarked for France landing at Marseilles on the 29.03.1916 and the Division engaged in various actions on the Western Front including; The Battle of Albert, The Battle of the Transloy Ridges. During 1917 The First Battle of the Scarpe, The Second and Third Battles of the Scarpe, The Battle of Langemarck, The Battle of Broodseinde, The Battle of Poelcapelle, The Battle of Cambrai. During 1918 The Battle of Estaires, The Battle of Messines, The Battle of Hazebrouck, The Battle of Bailleul, The Action of Outtersteene Ridge, The capture of Ploegsteert and Hill 63, The Battle of Ypres, The Battle of Courtrai. 11.11.1918 Ended the war in Belgium, Moen S.E. of Courtrai. 2nd Battalion 04.08.1914 Stationed at Dover as part of the 12th Brigade of the 4th Division. 20.08.1914 Mobilised for war and landed at Boulogne and the Division engaged in various actions on the Western Front including; During 1914 The Battle of Le Cateau, The Battle of the Marne, The Battle of the Aisne, The Battle of Messines 1914. Dec 1914 This Battalion took part in the Christmas Truce of 1914 During 1915 The Second Battle of Ypres. 04.11.1915 The 12th Brigade was transferred to 36th Division until 03.02.1916. During 1916 The Battle of Albert, The Battle of Le Transloy. During 1917 The First Battle of the Scarpe, The Third Battle of the Scarpe, The Battle of Polygon Wood, The Battle of Broodseinde, The Battle of Poelcapelle, The First Battle of Passchendaele. During 1918 The First Battle of Arras 1918, The Battle of Hazebrouck, The Battle of Bethune, The Advance in Flanders, The Battle of the Scarpe, The Battle of Drocourt-Queant, The Battle of the Canal du Nord, The Battle of the Selle, The Battle of Valenciennes. 11.11.1918 Ended the war in France, Artres South of Valenciennes. 3rd (Reserve) Battalion 04.08.1914 Stationed at Bury at the outbreak of war. 08.08.1914 Moved to Hull. Nov 1916 Moved to Withernsea and remained there for the rest of the war. 4th (Extra Reserve) Battalion 04.08.1914 Stationed at Bury at the outbreak of war. 08.08.1914 Moved to Barrow-in-Furness. Oct 1916 Moved to Barry, South Wales and remained there for the rest of the war. 1/5th Battalion Territorial Force 04.08.1914 Stationed at Castle Armoury, Bury as part of the Lancashire Fusiliers Brigade of the East Lancashire Division, then moved to Turton. 09.09.1914 Mobilised for war and embarked from Southampton. 25.09.1914 Arrived in Alexandria, Egypt to defend the Suez Canal. 05.05.1915 Landed at Cape Helles, Gallipoli and the Division engaged in various actions including the Battle of Krithia Vineyard. 28.12.1915 Evacuated to Mudros due to severe losses from combat disease and harsh weather the division had lost two thirds of its normal establishment. 15.01.1916 Arrived in Alexandria and the Division engaged in The Battle of Romani which helped to secure the safety of the Suez Canal. Feb 1917 Moved to France and landed at Marseilles and the Division engaged in various actions on the Western Front including; Third Battle of Ypres and; During 1918 The Battle of Bapaume, The First Battle of Arras, The Battle of the Ancre, The Battle of Albert, The Second Battle of Bapaume, The Battle of the Canal du Nord, The pursuit to the Selle, The Battle of the Selle. 11.11.1918 Ended the war in France, Hautmont near Maubeuge. 1/6th Battalion Territorial Force 04.08.1914 Stationed at Rochdale as part of the Lancashire Fusiliers Brigade of the East Lancashire Division then moved to Turton. 09.09.1914 Mobilised for war and embarked from Southampton. 25.09.1914 Arrived in Alexandria, Egypt to defend the Suez Canal. 05.05.1915 Landed at Cape Helles, Gallipoli and the Division engaged in various actions including the Battle of Krithia Vineyard. 27.12.1915 Evacuated to Mudros due to severe losses from combat disease and harsh weather the division had lost two thirds of its normal establishment. 16.01.1916 Arrived in Alexandria and the Division engaged in The Battle of Romani which helped to secure the safety of the Suez Canal. Feb 1917 Moved to France and landed at Marseilles 19.02.1918 Transferred to the 197th Brigade of the 66th Division at Marcelcave and absorbing personnel form the 2/6th Battalion to form the 6th Battalion. The Division engaged in various actions on the Western Front including; The Operations on the Flanders Coast, The Battle of Poelcapelle. During 1918 The Battle of St Quentin, The Actions at the Somme Crossings, The Battle of Rosieres. 09.04.1918 Due to the losses suffered reduced to training cadre. 22.07.1918 Transferred to 199th Brigade. 13.08.1918 Absorbed personnel form the 12th Battalion returning from Salonika and then returned to the front lines and the Division engaged in various actions including; The Battle of Cambrai, The Pursuit to the Selle, and The Battle of the Selle. 11.11.1918 Ended the war in France, St.Hilaire-sur-Helpe west of Avesnes. 1/7th and 1/8th Battalion Territorial Force 04.08.1914 Stationed at Salford as part of the Lancashire Fusiliers Brigade of the East Lancashire Division then moved to Turton. 09.09.1914 Mobilised for war and embarked from Southampton. 25.09.1914 Arrived in Alexandria, Egypt to defend the Suez Canal. 05.05.1915 Landed at Cape Helles, Gallipoli and the Division engaged in various actions including the Battle of Krithia Vineyard. 28.12.1915 Evacuated to Mudros due to severe losses from combat disease and harsh weather the division had lost two thirds of its normal establishment. 15.01.1916 Arrived in Alexandria and the Division engaged in The Battle of Romani which helped to secure the safety of the Suez Canal. Feb 1917 Moved to France and landed at Marseilles and engaged in various actions on the Western Front including; Third Battle of Ypres and During 1918 The Battle of Bapaume, The First Battle of Arras, The Battle of the Ancre, The Battle of Albert, The Second Battle of Bapaume, The Battle of the Canal du Nord, The pursuit to the Selle, The Battle of the Selle. 11.11.1918 Ended the war in France, Hautmont near Maubeuge. 2/5th Battalion Territorial Force 09.09.1914 Formed in Bury then moved to Mossborough and on to Southport as part of the 197th Brigade of the 66th Division. 17.04.1915Moved to Bedford and transferred to the 3rd Highland Brigade of the Highland Division. 04.05.1915 Mobilised for war and landed at Boulogne where the formation became the 154th Brigade of the 51st Division. During 1915 The Battle of Festubert, The Second Action of Givenchy. 07.01.1916 Transferred to the 164th Brigade of the 55th Division. During 1916 The Battle of Guillemont, The Battle of Ginchy, The Battle of Flers-Courcelette, The Battle of Morval. During 1917 The Battle of Pilkem Ridge, The Battle of Menin Road Ridge. During 1918 The Battle of Estaires, the Defence of Givenchy, The Battle of Hazebrouck, The capture of Givenchy craters, The capture of Canteleux trench, the Final Advance in Artois. 11.11.1918 Ended the war in Belgium, Ath. 2/6th Battalion Territorial Force 29.09.1914 Formed in Mossborough then moved to Southport as part of the 197th Brigade of the 66th Division. May 1915 Moved to Crowborough and then Tunbridge Wells. Mar 1916 Moved to Meanee Barrack at Colchester 26.02.1917 Mobilised for war and landed at Havre and the Division engaged in various action on the Western front including; During 1917 The Battle of Pilkem Ridge, The Battle of Menin Road Ridge. 21.01.1918 Absorbed by the 1/6th Battalion. 2/7th and 2/8th Battalion Territorial Force Aug 1914 The 2/7th formed in Salford then moved to Mossborough and the 2/8th formed at Mossborough and then both moved to Southport as part of the 197th Brigade of the 66th Division. May 1915 Moved to Crowborough and then Tunbridge Wells. Mar 1916 Moved to Hyderabad Barracks at Colchester 28.02.1917 Mobilised for war and landed at Havre and the Division engaged in various action on the Western front including; During 1917 The Battle of Pilkem Ridge, The Battle of Menin Road Ridge. April 1918 reduced to training cadre. 30.06.1918 The 2/7th returned to England and transferred to the 74th Brigade of the 25th division and moved to Aldershot. 31.07.1918 The 2/8th disbanded in France. 09.07.1918 Disbanded and formed the 24th Battalion. 3/5th Battalion Territorial Force 11.10.1914 Formed in Bury then moved to Crowborough and the as part of the 197th Brigade of the 66th Division. Mar 1916 Moved to Hyderabad Barracks at Colchester 01.03.1917 Mobilised for war and landed at Havre and the Division engaged in various action on the Western front including; During 1917 The Battle of Pilkem Ridge, The Battle of Menin Road Ridge. 14.02.1918 The 2/8th disbanded in France. 3/6th 3/7th and 3/8th Battalion Territorial Force Mar 1915 Formed in Rochdale and Salford and then moved to Codford and Witley. 08.04.1916 Became Reserve 6th 7th and 8th Battalions. 01.09.1916 the 6th Battalion absorbed by the 7th and 8th of the East Lancashire Reserve Brigade. Oct 1916 Moved to Southport and then on to Ripon and Scarborough. April 1918 Moved to Bridlington were it remained for the rest of the war. 4/5th Battalion Spring 1915 Formed in Southport and then moved to Codford and Witley. 08.04.1916 Became Reserve 5th (Reserve) Battalion. 01.09.1916 Transferred to the East Lancashire Reserve Brigade. Oct 1916 Moved to Southport and then on to Ripon. July 1917 Moved to Scarborough were it remained for the rest of the war. 9th (Service) Battalion 31.08.1914 Formed in Bury as part of the First New Army (K1) and then moved to Belton Park, Grantham to join the 34th Brigade of the 11th Division. April 1915 Moved to Witley, Godalming. July 1915 Mobilised for war and embarked for Egypt from Devonport. 17.07.1915 Arrived in Alexandria and then moved to Imbros. 06.08.1915 Landed at Sulva Bay, Gallipoli and the Division engaged in various actions including The Battle of Scimitar Hill and attack on Hill 60. 18.12.1915 Evacuated to Mudros due to the severe casualties from combat, disease and harsh weather. Jan 1916 Moved to Egypt arriving at Alexandria 31.01.1916 where the Division was involved in the defence of the Suez canal. July 1916 Moved to France landing at Marseilles and the Division engaged in various actions on the Western Front including; The capture of the Wundt-Werk (Wonder Work), The Battle of Flers-Courcelette, The Battle of Thiepval. During 1917 Operations on the Ancre, The Battle of Messines, The Battle of the Langemarck, The Battle of Polygon Wood, The Battle of Broodseinde, The Battle of Poelcapelle. 12.02.1918 Battalion disbanded at Allouagne. 10th (Service) Battalion Sept 1914 Formed in Bury as part of the Second New Army (K2) and then moved to Bovington to join the 52nd Brigade of the 17th Division and then moved to Hursley. 15.07.1915 Mobilised for war and landed at Boulogne and the Division engaged in various actions on the Western Front including; During 1916 The Actions of Spring 1916, The Battle of Albert, The Battle of Delville Wood. During 1917 The First and Second Battles of the Scarpe, The Capture of Roeux, The First and Second Battles of Passchendaele. During 1918 The Battle of St Quentin, The Battle of Bapaume, The Battle of Amiens, The Battle of Albert, The Battle of Bapaume, The Battle of Havrincourt, The Battle of Epehy, The Battle of Cambrai 1918, The pursuit to the Selle, The Battle of the Selle, The Battle of the Sambre. 11.11.1918 Ended the war in France, Beaufort south of Maubeuage. 11th (Service) Battalion Sept 1914 Formed in Codford as part of the Third New Army (K3) and then moved to Boscombe to join the 74th Brigade of the 25th Division and then moved to Hursley and then on to Malplaquet Barracks. 29.09.1915 Mobilised for war and landed at Boulogne and the Division engaged in various actions on the Western Front including; During 1916 German attack on Vimy Ridge, The Battle of Albert, The Battle of Bazentin, The Battle of Pozieres, The Battle of the Ancre Heights. During 1917 The Battle of Messines, The Battle of Pilkem. 12.08.1918 Disbanded in France near Dieppe. 12th (Service) Battalion Sept 1914 Formed in Bury as part of the Third New Army (K3) and then moved to Seaford to join the 65th Brigade of the 22nd Division and then moved to Eastbourne. April 1915 Moved back to Seaford and then Aldershot. 05.09.1915 Mobilised for war and landed at Boulogne and then moved to Salonika to aid Greece against the Bulgarian army and the division engaged in various actions including; During 1916 The Battle of Horseshoe Hill, The Battle of Machukovo. During 1917 The Battles of Doiran. July 1918 Returned to France arriving at Forges-les-Eaux and transferred to the 66th Division which engaged in various actions including; The Battle of Cambrai, The Pursuit to the Selle, The Battle of the Selle and the Final Advance in Picardy. 13.08.1918 Absorbed by the 6th Battalion at Haudricourt. 13th (Reserve) Battalion 05.02.1914 Formed in Chesterfield as part of a service Battalion for the Fourth New Army (K4) and then moved to Lichfield. 10.01.1915 Became a second Reserve Battalion and moved to Rugeley and then to Brocton. 01.09.1916 Became the 15th Training Reserve Battalion in the 3rd Reserve Brigade. 15th (Service) Battalion (1st Salford) and 16th (Service) Battalion (2nd Salford) 11.09.1914 The 15th formed and on the 05.11.1914 the 16th formed at Salford by Mr. Montague Barlow M.P. and the Salford Brigade Committee. 28.12.1914 The 15th moved to Conway, North Wales and the 16th joined them on 11.02.1915. 21.06.1915 Both moved to Catterick Bridge and joined the 96th Brigade of the 32nd Division. 13.08.1915 Taken over by the War Office and moved to Codford, Salisbury Plain. 22.11.1915 Mobilised for war and landed at Boulogne and the Division engaged in various action on the Western Front including; During 1916 The Battle of Albert, The Battle of Bazentin, The Battle of the Ancre. During 1917 Operations on the Ancre During 1918 The First Battle of Arras, The Battle of Amiens, The Battle of Albert, The Battle of Bapaume, The Battle of the St Quentin Canal, The Battle of Beaurevoir, The Battle of the Sambre. 11.11.1918 Ended the war in France, Sambreton south of Landrecies. 17th (Service) Battalion (1st South-East Lancashire) and 18th (Service) Battalion (2nd South-East Lancashire) 03.12.1914 The 17th formed and the 18th formed on the 13.01.1915, both as a bantam Battalion in Bury by Lieutenant-Colonel G E Wike and a committee. 16.03.1915 The 17th moved to Chadderton near Oldham and then to Masham, Yorks to join the 104th Brigade of the 35th Division. 08.04.1915 The 18th moved to Garswood Park, Ashton-in-Makerfield and then to Masham, Yorks to join the 104th Brigade of the 35th Division. 27.08.1915 Both Battalions taken over by the War Office and moved to Cholderton, Salisbury Plain. 29.01.1916 Mobilised for war and landed at Havre and the Division engaged in various action on the Western Front including; During 1916 The Battle of Bazentin Ridge, The fighting for Arrow Head Copse, Maltz Horn Farm, and Falfemont Farm. Early 1917 Ceased to be a bantam Battalion. During 1917 The pursuit of the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line, The fighting in Houthulst Forest, The Second Battle of Passchendaele. During 1918 The First Battle of Bapaume, The Battle of Ypres, The Battle of Courtrai, The action of Tieghem. 11.11.1918 The 17th ended the war in Belgium, Grammont and the 18th in Belgium, Paricke west of Grammont. 19th (Service) Battalion (3rd Salford) (Pioneers) 15.01.1915 Formed at Salford by Mr. Montague Barlow M.P. and the Salford Brigade Committee. Mar 1915 Moved to Conway, North Wales and then to Catterick Bridge and joined the 96th Brigade of the 32nd Division. 25.08.1915 Taken over by the War Office and moved to Codford, Salisbury Plain. 22.11.1915 Mobilised for war and landed at Havre and then transferred to the 14th Brigade of the same Division and engaged in various action on the Western Front. 29.07.1916 Transferred to G.H.Q. Troop and became a Pioneer Battalion. 07.08.1916 Transferred to the 49th Division as a Pioneer Battalion and the Division was engaged in various actions on the Western Front including; The Battle of Flers-Courcelette During 1917 Operations on the Flanders Coast (Hush), The Battle of Poelcapelle. During 1918 The Battle of Estaires, The Battle of Messines, The Battle of Bailleul, The First Battle of Kemmel Ridge, The Second Battle of Kemmel Ridge, The Battle of the Scherpenberg, The pursuit to the Selle, The Battle of the Selle, The Battle of Valenciennes. 11.11.1918 Ended the war in France, Odomez north of Valenciennes. 20th (Service) Battalion (4th Salford) 23.03.1915 Formed as a bantam battalion at Salford by Mr. Montague Barlow M.P. and the Salford Brigade Committee. July 1915 Moved to Conway, North Wales and then to Cholderton, Salisbury and joined the 104th Brigade of the 35th Division. 27.08.1915 Taken over by the War Office. 30.01.1916 Mobilised for war and landed at Havre and the Division engaged in various action on the Western Front including; During 1916 The Battle of Bazentin Ridge, The fighting for Arrow Head Copse, Maltz Horn Farm and Falfemont Farm. During 1917 The pursuit of the German retreat to the Hindenburg Line, The fighting in Houthulst Forest, The Second Battle of Passchendaele. 16.02.1918 Disbanded in France at St. Jean near Ypres. 21st (Reserve) Battalion (Salford) Aug 1915 Formed at Salford as a local reserve Battalion from the depot companies of the 15th 16th and 19th Battalions. Nov 1915 Moved to Prees Heath and joined the 7th Reserve Brigade. 01.09.1916 Became the 72nd Training Reserve Battalion. 22nd (Reserve) Battalion Aug 1915 Formed at Ahton-in-Makerfield as a local reserve Battalion from the depot companies of the 17th 18th and 20th Battalions. Nov 1915 Moved to Prees Heath and joined the 7th Reserve Brigade. 01.09.1916 Became the 73rd Training Reserve Battalion. 22nd (Reserve) Battalion May 1918 Formed in France at Habarcq near Arras as the 4th Provisional Garrison Battalion and joined the 176th Brigade of the 59th Division and initially constructed the rear defences. 25.05.1918 Became 23rd Garrison Battalion Lancashire Fusiliers. 19.06.1918 Transferred to the 121st Brigade of the 40th Division July 1918 Garrison dropped from the title and the Division engaged in action on the Western Front including; The Battle of Ypres 1918 including The Final Advance in Flanders 11.11.1918 Ended the war in France, Lannoy south of Roubaix. Click here for more information on Lancashire Fusiliers Related Historic Documents Title: L.C.C. Record of War Service 1914-1918 Type: Official Document Title: Memorial Register 29, Part XXIII, The Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial, Soldiers from the UK Hollaway-Jarvis Type: Official Document Title: War Graves Memorial Register 29, The Ypres (Menin Gate) Memorial, Belgium, Part XXI, Soldiers from The United Kingdom GRANSEE-HARRIS, 1914-1918 Type: Official Document See more historic documents related to Lancashire Fusiliers... Battalion: 9th Battalion Commemorated: Britain Copyright ©2013: https://www.forces-war-records.co.uk/ViewRecord/1658412?reference=arrowLinks Wife Annie of 45 Mark Street Everton informed on 24.09.15 that her husband had been killed in Gallipoli to be later informed 02.11.15 that her husband is now seriously ill in a Ciaro Hospital.

Tracy Arslanian